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1. 壓力容器介紹
   

壓(ya)力(li)容器(qi)（yā lì róng qì），英文(wen)：pressure vessel，是指(zhi)盛裝(zhuang)氣體或(huo)者液體，承(cheng)載一(yi)定壓(ya)力(li)的密閉設備。為了更有效地實施科學管理和安(an)全(quan)監(jian)檢，我國《壓(ya)力(li)容器(qi)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)察規(gui)程》中根據工作(zuo)壓(ya)力(li)、介質危害性及其在生(sheng)產中的作(zuo)用(yong)將壓(ya)力(li)容器(qi)分為三類。

并對每個(ge)類(lei)(lei)別(bie)(bie)的壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)在設(she)計、制造過(guo)程，以及檢驗項目、內容(rong)(rong)和方式做出了不同的規(gui)定。壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)已實施(shi)進口(kou)商品安全(quan)(quan)質(zhi)量許可制度，未取得進口(kou)安全(quan)(quan)質(zhi)量許可證書的商品不準進口(kou)。應該按照(zhao)最新TSG21-2016《固定式壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)安全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術監(jian)察規(gui)程》中劃(hua)分(fen)，先按介(jie)質(zhi)劃(hua)分(fen)為第(di)一(yi)組(zu)(zu)介(jie)質(zhi)和第(di)二組(zu)(zu)介(jie)質(zhi)，然后再(zai)按照(zhao)壓(ya)力(li)和容(rong)(rong)積劃(hua)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)別(bie)(bie)Ⅰ類(lei)(lei)，Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)，Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)，老(lao)容(rong)(rong)規(gui)的所謂第(di)一(yi)類(lei)(lei)、第(di)二類(lei)(lei)、第(di)三(san)類(lei)(lei)已經不適用了。

壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容器(qi)是(shi)一種能夠承受(shou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)密閉容器(qi)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容器(qi)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途極為廣泛，它在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)、民用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、軍工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等許多部門(men)以及(ji)科學研究(jiu)的(de)許多領域(yu)都具有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)地位和作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以在化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)石油化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最多，僅在石油化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容器(qi)就占(zhan)全部壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容器(qi)總數(shu)的(de)50 %左(zuo)右。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容器(qi)在化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)(yu)石油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)領城,主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)傳(chuan)熱、傳(chuan)質、反(fan)應(ying)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程，以及(ji)貯存、運輸有壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)或液化(hua)氣(qi)體(ti);在其(qi)他(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)民用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)領域(yu)亦有廣泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如空(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機。各類專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機及(ji)制冷(leng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機的(de)輔機(冷(leng)卻器(qi)、緩沖器(qi)、油水分離器(qi)、貯氣(qi)罐、蒸(zheng)發器(qi)、液體(ti)冷(leng)卻劑貯罐等)均屬壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容器(qi)。

2.制造工藝

（1）壓力容器制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)一般可以分為：原(yuan)材料驗(yan)收工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、劃(hua)(hua)線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、切割工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、除銹工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、機加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)（含刨邊等）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、滾制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、組對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、焊(han)接工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)（產品焊(han)接試(shi)板）、無(wu)損檢測工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、開孔劃(hua)(hua)線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、總(zong)檢工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、熱處理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、壓力試(shi)驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、防腐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)。

（2）不同(tong)的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)方法有(you)不同(tong)的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)工藝(yi)(yi)。焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)工藝(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)根據被焊(han)(han)(han)(han)工件的(de)材質、牌號、化學(xue)成分，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)件結構類型(xing)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)性能要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)來確定。首先要(yao)(yao)確定焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)方法，如手弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、埋(mai)弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、鎢極(ji)氬弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、熔化極(ji)氣體保(bao)護焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)等(deng)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)方法的(de)種類非常多，只能根據具體情況選擇(ze)。確定焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)方法后，再(zai)制定焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)工藝(yi)(yi)參(can)數，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)工藝(yi)(yi)參(can)數的(de)種類各不相(xiang)同(tong)，如手弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括：焊(han)(han)(han)(han)條型(xing)號（或(huo)牌號）、直徑、電流、電壓、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)電源(yuan)種類、極(ji)性接(jie)(jie)法、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)層數、道數、檢(jian)驗方法等(deng)等(deng)。